The Rise and Fall of IQ: The Cognitive Divide
25th October 2024
For most of the 20th century, IQ scores steadily climbed, a phenomenon so consistent it was named the “Flynn effect” after the psychologist James Flynn, who first documented it. Generations across the globe were getting smarter, or at least, their scores on intelligence tests were improving. Explanations ranged from better nutrition and healthcare to more complex societies that required sharper minds. But now, as we move further into the 21st century, the Flynn effect seems to be crumbling. In some countries, the rise has plateaued; in others, it has reversed. What is going on? Are we getting dumber, or is something else at play?
A timely study by Sandra Oberleiter and her colleagues has provided an answer that is both unsettling and enlightening. Published in Intelligence, their research suggests that the Flynn effect is faltering because the nature of intelligence itself is shifting. The problem isn’t that we’re getting dumber. It’s that we’re getting more specialized, and that, in turn, is weakening the ties that bind our cognitive abilities together. In short, modern life is forcing us to become experts at the expense of being generalists.