How Can We Personalize Learning?
19th October 2024
The US Air Force had a serious problem on its hands in the late 1940s. Its planes were dropping from the skies at an alarming rate. Fingers were pointed at pilot error. The real culprit turned out to be a decades-old flawed cockpit design based on outdated measurements of pilots. To address this, the Air Force commissioned a massive study to measure over 4,000 pilots across 140 dimensions. The thinking was that this data would be used to design a standardized cockpit that fit everyone well. Later, with all the numbers crunched they went back to see how pilots would fall within the averages derived from the study. The Air Force found that not a single pilot out of 4,063 fit the average on all measures. It turns out there was no average pilot. There is an even more profound nugget of truth in here. Designing for the average means designing for no one.
I call this the Aggregation Fallacy. Something that is true of an aggregate (such as average) tells you nothing about an individual element.
It’s one of those buzzy phrases in education—“personalized learning”. In an era where everything from your apron to your apartment is bespoke, it is no surprise we want a perfectly tailored education that fits our unique needs. For decades, alternative educators have argued that standardized, one-size-fits-all education actually fits no one. Neuroscientists have joined that chorus now. The opening anecdote is from The End of Average, a wonderful book that discusses how averages just don’t make sense when dealing with complex systems. And education and learning—and your child—are as complex as systems can be.
The basic problem with the Prussian factory-school model is that it batches up children by year and pushes them through the ‘education factory’ on the assumption that each child has equal ability and equal motivation. This is absurd on its face, but we’ve never had an alternative; if you only have one method available, that’s the method you use, no matter how badly it sucks. Technology, however, is providing us with more options. It is up to us whether we will use them wisely or stick to the old sucky method. (Which method the Teachers Unions will choose is left as an exercise for the reader.)