New York Post.

More Americans are wising up to the fact that higher education has become a raw deal for all too many young people.

A new NBC News poll finds that a full 63% of voters believe a four-year college degree now isn’t worth it, since many students graduate with “a large amount of debt” but no “specific job skills.”

That’s up markedly from 2013, when a majority took the opposite view, as 53% called a degree “worth the cost because people have a better chance to get a good job and earn more money over their lifetime.”

That was the case for generations of Americans, who saw college as a key step to higher-paying jobs and a better life: “Upwardly mobile” was almost entirely synonymous with “college-educated.”

But over the last few decades, the dynamic has shifted: Far too many college degrees guarantee nothing … except onerous debt.

Where you find Muslims and Communists, there you find terrorism.

Nature.

Many children from low-income backgrounds worldwide fail to master school mathematics1; however, some children extensively use mental arithmetic outside school2,3. Here we surveyed children in Kolkata and Delhi, India, who work in markets (n?=?1,436), to investigate whether maths skills acquired in real-world settings transfer to the classroom and vice versa. Nearly all these children used complex arithmetic calculations effectively at work. They were also proficient in solving hypothetical market maths problems and verbal maths problems that were anchored to concrete contexts. However, they were unable to solve arithmetic problems of equal or lesser complexity when presented in the abstract format typically used in school. The children’s performance in market maths problems was not explained by memorization, access to help, reduced stress with more familiar formats or high incentives for correct performance. By contrast, children with no market-selling experience (n?=?471), enrolled in nearby schools, showed the opposite pattern. These children performed more accurately on simple abstract problems, but only 1% could correctly answer an applied market maths problem that more than one third of working children solved (??=?0.35, s.e.m.?=?0.03; 95% confidence interval?=?0.30–0.40, P?<?0.001). School children used highly inefficient written calculations, could not combine different operations and arrived at answers too slowly to be useful in real-life or in higher maths. These findings highlight the importance of educational curricula that bridge the gap between intuitive and formal maths.

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The bewildering truth behind human technological enslavement is that it is impossible without the voluntary participation of the intended slaves. People must welcome technocracy into their lives in order for it to succeed. The populace has to believe, blindly, that they cannot live without it, or that authoritarianism by algorithmic consensus is “inevitable.”

For example, the average person living in a first world economy voluntarily carries a cell phone everywhere they go at all times without fail. To be without it, in their minds, is to be naked, at risk, unprepared and disconnected from civilization. I grew up in the 1980s and we did just fine without having a phone on our hip every moment of the day. Even now, I refuse to carry one.

Why? First, as most people should be aware of by now (the Edward Snowden revelations left no doubt), a cell phone is a perfect technocratic device. It has multilayered tracking, using GPS, WiFi routers, and cell tower triangulation to track your every step. Not only that, but it can be used to record your daily patterns, your habits, who your friends are, where you were on any given day many months or years ago.

Then there’s the backdoor functions hidden in app software that allows governments and corporations to to access your cell’s microphone and camera, even when you think the device is shut off. The private details of your life could be recorded and collated. In a world where privacy is being declared “dead” by boasting technocrats, why help them out by carrying something that listens to everything you say and chronicles everything you do?

Anybody who wants to track my movements needs to get a life.

Watch it.

Trump plays Mamdani like a guitar. The master at work….

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I find it difficult to talk about the history of the computer. The actual record is dreadfully short: almost nothing of consequence happened before the year 1935. We keep looking for a better story, but we inevitably end up grasping at straws.

Just look at what we’ve done so far. The “father of the computer” is no longer Konrad Zuse (Z1, 1938) or John Mauchly (ENIAC, 1943). Somehow, we pivoted to Charles Babbage — a 19th century polymath who never constructed such a device, and had no luck inspiring others to try. Not content with this injustice, we also turned “computing” into a meaningless word. On Wikipedia, the timeline of computer hardware includes mechanical clocks, dolls, weaving looms, and a miniature chariot from 910 BCE. It’s historical synthesis run amok.

To me, the calculator is a particularly regrettable casualty of this expansionist approach. Of course, the development of the calculator is intertwined with the history of the computer — but it deserves to be treated as a story of its own.

Watch it.

In case you’re interested.

Watch it.

Carl Benjamin (“Sargon of Akkad”) does a deep dive.

Read it.

Billionaire venture capitalist Marc Andreessen has grown impatient with what he regards as a dangerously misguided national conversation about manufacturing in the United States, one that continues to fixate on bringing back the factories and jobs that disappeared four decades ago, when the far more consequential opportunity lies in dominating the complex, capital-intensive, software-defined hardware industries that will shape the rest of the century.

Apparently ‘billionaire’ is some sort of credential these days.

Read it.

Very true. Economics is downstream from politics, as politics is downstream from culture.

The doctrines of socialism have been with us for more than 150 years, but no one had really tried it in a total way until the advent of the Soviet Union from the 1920s to the early 1990s. During that period, a number of communist/socialist revolutions occurred in Asia, Cuba, and Africa, all of which provided a laboratory to observe how these socialist economies would perform.

The socialist economies failed spectacularly, as Ludwig von Mises had predicted. His works on socialism published in 1920 and in 1923 show that, as an economic system, it was doomed before it ever was implemented because it had no practical system of economic calculation. Despite the propaganda beamed at people both from socialist governments and the western media that socialist economies were lifting vast numbers of people from poverty, the reality of socialism was what Mises had predicted.

By 1989, even die-hard socialists like Robert Heilbroner had to admit that socialism had been a huge failure. Indeed, by the mid-1990s, the only countries attempting to continue with the socialist experiment were Cuba and North Korea, and neither economy was one to be envied.

The New York Times, a Voice of the Crust.

My inbox is regularly deluged with story pitches, so I considered one that came on Sept. 15 with my usual dose of skepticism.

A publicist was offering “a potential exclusive” regarding “a highly sensitive, confidential matter,” involving a collection “lost to the world for decades.”

It sounded almost too titillating to be true. So I agreed to get on the phone and hear more.

Thus began my journey of reporting on the 137-carat Florentine Diamond, which had been missing for 100 years and was assumed to have been lost, stolen or recut and sold in pieces. It turned out the diamond had been under our noses all along: in a bank in Canada, where the Hapsburg family had stored it in a vault for security.

Jewels! Secrecy! Royalty!

Who could ask for anything more?

Quibble: The Order of the Golden Fleece is NOT the “Habsburg family house order”, which is the Order of Maria Theresa.

The Order of the Golden Fleece (Toison d’Or) is one of the oldest chivalric orders in Europe, originating in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century and making it’s way to the Spanish Habsburgs over the course of time. During the War of the Spanish Succession it was claimed by both the King of Spain and the Archduke of Austria (Holy Roman Emperor), and it has been doubled ever since—any formal portrait of King Felipe will show him wearing it. (Since he’s a Bourbon, he wouldn’t be giving such pride of place to a “Habsburg family house order”.)

(But, really, who expects a scribbler for the NYT to get the facts straight?)

Daily Record (UK).

A fire has spread through pavilions being used for UN climate talks in Brazil.

Attendees were evacuated from the Cop30 event, the day before it was set to finish up. Officials said that no one has been injured in the fire.

Pity.

Brazil’s Tourism Minister Celso Sabino told journalists at the scene that the fire started near the China pavilion, which was among several pavilions set up for events on the sidelines of the climate talks.

Well. There it is.

The Economist, a Voice of the Crust.

By some reckonings, nicotine is as addictive as cocaine. It has led legions to a slow death by cigarette. Increasingly, however, people consume nicotine on its own. Nicotine vapes and oral pouches have soared in popularity; the global vaping market is expected to grow to $47.5bn in 2028, up from $22.5bn in 2022. But is nicotine simply a compound on which people are hooked or does it offer some kind of benefit?

Nicotine is much less harmful than the tobacco that naturally contains it. It has never been found to cause cancer. Nor does it cause other smokers’ diseases such as emphysema. But it is, of course, strongly linked with why smokers smoke at all. Beyond avoiding nicotine-induced withdrawal symptoms, such as irritability and anxiety, many say they smoke to “stay focused”. This has led scientists to consider whether nicotine might directly influence people’s ability to think.

In 2010 researchers at America’s National Institutes of Health pooled the results of 41 trials on nicotine’s cognitive effects. Participants were either given a placebo or nicotine (though a few used tobacco, not pure nicotine). They found that a nicotine hit had “significant positive effects” on attention and memory.

This mental sharpening arises because nicotine is a stimulant. It prods neurons to release brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, including dopamine, glutamate, noradrenaline and serotonin. These promote alertness, learning, memory and motor control. Brain-scan studies also show that nicotine’s stimulating properties increase blood flow to parts of the brain involved in thinking, such as the prefrontal cortex and the thalamus.

In addition to improving short-term memory, nicotine also suppresses appetite, which is why so many models and actresses smoke.

My Brother the Socialist became a regular cigarette smoker in college, as many people do. Most, however, pick it up as adolescents, because ‘cool’. I’ve never met anyone who picked up the smoking habit after age 20.

The Foundry.

Even Obamacare supporters now admit their health plan has failed. Despite promises of decreasing premiums, the sad truth has come to light. Over ten years in, Obamacare has become part of the problem, not the solution. Premiums keep rising, deductibles skyrocketed, enrollees have fewer choices than before, and plans have become more restrictive.

While more subsidies might mask some of those premium increases, they do nothing to solve Obamacare’s other problems. The reality? Health care costs are increasing across the board. What’s needed now is a plan to make American health care affordable again—not just to hand out more government subsidies to more people, but to make health care less expensive and more accessible for all Americans.

President Donald Trump’s instincts are right, both on fixing Obamacare and on making the overall health system more affordable for everyone.

Read it.

Attendance at Orthodox churches around the U.S. has seen a dramatic increase in conservative young men drawn to a more rigorous practice of Christianity, reports The New York Times.

“In the whole history of the Orthodox Church in America, this has never been seen,” the Very Rev. Andrew Damick, an Antiochian Orthodox priest and author in Eastern Pennsylvania, told the news outlet. “This is new ground for everyone.”

Orthodox Christians belong to the family of Eastern Orthodox Churches, one of the three main branches of global Christianity (alongside Roman Catholicism and Protestantism). The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second-largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 220 to 260 million adherents.

The religion has been present in the United States since the late 18th century and today represents a small but historically significant branch of Christianity, with roughly 1 million to 1.2 million adherents across various Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions, according to the Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops’ most recent estimates.

Hint: The quasi-masculine Boss Babe has no place in the Orthodox Church.

UPDATE: Orthodox Church Pews Are Overflowing With Converts (Ruth Graham/New York Times)

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Rep. Clay Higgins, R-La., was the lone House member to vote against the measure compelling release of thousands of unclassified documents tied to Jeffrey Epstein, insisting the bill remains dangerously flawed despite overwhelming bipartisan support.

Higgins said he has been a “principled ‘NO'” from the start, arguing the legislation “abandons 250 years of criminal justice procedure” and threatens to expose innocent people swept into past investigations.

“As written, this bill reveals and injures thousands of innocent people — witnesses, family members, people who provided alibis,” Higgins said in a statement on X. “Released to a rabid media, it will absolutely result in innocent people being hurt. Not by my vote.”

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Ha-Joon Chang recently wrote an article in the Financial Times criticising the state of economic education, which drew considerable attention. What went almost unnoticed, however, was a letter published in response. Surprisingly, one of the most prominent Austrian economists, Mario Rizzo, agreed with Chang. He wrote:

“Recently, I had a chance to look at some exams in undergraduate economics courses, including the first course, generally called ‘Principles.’ What I saw was disturbing. The students were given, mainly or only, problem sets of a completely mathematical nature. The emphasis was on mechanical problem-solving. There were no questions involving critical reflection on the ideas or frameworks taught.”

What explains this unlikely agreement between two economists from opposite schools of thought? The simple answer is that there is something wrong with economic education. But the deeper problem lies not in what is taught, but how it is taught.

No, the problem is the entire concept of the ‘field’. Like psychology, economics pretends to be a science whereas it’s actually a new form of astrology.

The foundation of Real Science is mensurability and predictability. Complex systems like the human personality and a large economy are only partially measurable and only statistically predictable. If you drop a rock, you can measure how fast it falls and how far it falls; you can predict how far and how fast it will fall and be right every single time. If you try to measure an ‘economy’, or predict what it will do, you can only quantify a very limited portion and you can only make predictions in terms of probabilities.

Ask an economist what his field is all about and he will say, “Production, distribution, and trade.” WRONG. “Economics” deals with production and distribution only to the extent that what is produced or distributed is traded. If I cut down a tree, cut it into boards, and make myself a workbench, economics has nothing to say about it: it cannot be measured, nor can it be predicted, because no part of it was traded. If I give that workbench to my brother-in-law, economics has nothing to say about it: it cannot be measured, nor can it be predicted, because no part of it was traded. ECONOMICS DEALS ONLY WITH TRADE, and production/distribution only as things produced/distributed are traded.

Consider the classic tool of ‘economics, the famous supply and demand curves. Those deal only with trade, as made plain by the fact that one of the dimensions of the graph is price, a thing that only has importance in trade. If the price of widgets rises from A to B, the number of widgets people are willing to buy will drop from X to Y. Who is offering those widgets? Economics can’t say. Who is buying those widgets? Economics can’t say. It can only say that in general when the price goes up the amount sold (TRADED) goes down. When the price goes up but the number sold (TRADED) stays the same, economics can’t tell you WHY; all it can do is some hand-waving about “inelastic demand”, which is another way of saying “We don’t know.”

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Tim Poole does a deep dive.

Verbum sapienti sat est.

Richard Hanania.

Why not? Democrats certainly are.

As I’ve previously written, Groyperization on everything but the Jews has already occurred on the right. That leads to the question of what we do from here. We basically have a mainstream conservative movement that is motivated by implicit white nationalism, being challenged by an insurgency that is explicitly white nationalist. One thing I’ve noticed over the years is that people who stress identitarian concerns will often be very flexible with economic arguments. Often, they end up agreeing with the left on economic issues, because that is the easiest way to make nativist arguments in a relatively non-offensive way.

One of the main things that differentiates pro-market and anti-market thinkers is the degree to which each side believes that market processes are zero-sum. Socialists tend to assume that there are fixed amounts of jobs and resources, and politics revolves around fighting over who gets what. Capitalism rests on the idea that trade generally makes both parties better off, and we can set things up so that everyone gets wealthier in the long run. The entire history of the progress of our species is one long advertisement for how the capitalists are right and the socialists are wrong.

People always feel the need to argue that their preferred policies will make others in society better off in tangible ways. Even postliberals who stress that things other than GDP matter will when they can argue that their preferred policies improve living standards. They get to have it both ways, making economic arguments when convenient and retreating to “we’re a nation, not an economy” when things go wrong.

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Your life is “affordable” based primarily on two numbers — your income, and your cost of housing.. Mayors don’t influence your income, and they shouldn’t try to influence what you pay for housing.

If government, at any level, wants to make your life more affordable, it should do the following:

• • • • Keep taxes low.
      • Keep inflation low.
      • Keep interest rates low (which you can’t do if inflation is high)
      • Keep immigration low.
        • • High immigration adds demand to the housing market and therefore housing prices go higher.
          • High immigration adds supply to the job market and therefore wages go lower.
      • Cut regulations on businesses. 
        • • Regulations add costs. Those costs are passed on to consumers.
          • Regulations make starting a business more difficult. Therefore there is less competition. Therefore prices are higher.
      • Don’t limit businesses. Let them grow. 
        • • Particularly energy companies. The more energy, the better.
          • Particularly homebuilders. The more building activity, the better.

It should be noted at this point that during all four years of the Biden administration, the federal government did the exact opposite regarding every item on the above list. It is not a coincidence that affordability is a hot political topic after four years of the federal government doing everything it could do to make life less affordable.

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There is a version of my life that could have existed, and for a long time it looked like the path I was on. I was a successful restaurateur, financially independent, living a neat and polished life that most people would label as accomplishment. I could have stayed that woman. A single woman with a couple of well-trained pets, a beautiful home in a gated golf-course community, and a thriving business. No obligations, no interruptions, and no sticky hands tugging my shirt while I tried to answer an email.

Society would have applauded that version of me and called it freedom.

The irony is that during that time, I was feeding thousands of people from-scratch food. I knew the value of real ingredients and traditional cooking techniques, yet I did not fully understand the deeper meaning of nourishment. Not just physical nourishment, but the cultural and generational work that happens when families cook and eat together. The work that forms identity.

Today my life looks very different. I have four children and a farm, and nothing about our life is quiet or controlled. Just yesterday my 10-year-old stood next to me making jam from blueberries and blackberries, and then we bottled homemade barbecue sauce. The younger kids ran barefoot around us, coming in and out of the kitchen like little barn swallows, leaving laughter, questions, and a trail of crumbs behind. It was chaotic, imperfect, and slow. Yet in the middle of the noise, I could feel something ancient. Something right.

Moments like that used to be normal. Today they are the exception, and that realization has been stirring something in me. It raises a difficult question that many people avoid because the answer is uncomfortable.

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The Paris Climate Agreement turns ten this month. But COP21’s outcome — in which 195 countries pledged to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to achieve a global temperature outcome — is in serious peril. COP30, now in session, finds almost all signatories out of compliance with their “nationally determined contributions.” Major emitters such as the United States and Russia are not participating in the annual meeting either. How much longer can “Net Zero” and like UN global aspirations continue?

Specifically, only one of the 40 major reporting groups (accounting for 85% of global emissions) is on track, and most of the rest have not even submitted a target. “This lack of progress is deeply concerning,” Climate Action Tracker reported, citing a need to “step up mitigation efforts and avoid weakening targets by relying on offsets and sinks….”

The U.S. is rated “critically insufficient,” joining Russia, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, and six others. Canada, China, India, Argentina, and three others are “highly insufficient,” and the trend is negative for virtually all countries with growing economies.

The climatistas won’t be happy until humanity goes extinct and quits being the source of all that’s wrong in the world.

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In a curious twist, voters typically aligned with Democrats are increasingly purchasing firearms, citing fear of the Trump administration and rising civil unrest as reasons for their newfound appreciation of the Second Amendment, NPR reported Saturday.

Several individuals, many requesting anonymity, said they fear the current administration has created a climate of hostility toward marginalized groups, prompting them to become gun buyers.

“What I’m talking about is protecting myself from a situation where there may be some kind of civil unrest,” said a man identified only as Charles, who is Black.

Welcome to our world. Be careful not to step in the diversity.

Newsweek, a Voice of the Crust.

Human corpses move around significantly as they decompose, according to an Australian researcher who observed a dead body over a 17-month period.

Australian researcher Alyson Wilson, the lead author of the study, found that the dead body moved for more than a year after death—findings which could have significant implications for post-mortem investigations, AFP reported.

Wilson suggests that the process of decomposition could be responsible for the movements: as the body mummifies, the ligaments dry out, causing parts to move.

“What we found was that the arms were significantly moving, so that arms that started off down beside the body ended up out to the side of the body,” Wilson told ABC News.

Razib Khan, a very well-respected geneticist.

There is more in heaven and earth than can be dreamt of in any human philosophy. This is why science is not philosophy. Those who map the skies, observe the patterns of a school of fish, or dissect molecular processes are well aware of this. We scientists wander dark and strange lands, and encounter startling landscapes and creatures beyond our wildest imaginations.

Only within the last few centuries have we come to realise that the great bowl of the dark night sky is filled with suns of a power and spectacle that we can’t even recreate in our mind’s eye. The ancient constellation of Orion contains bright blue Rigel and resplendent crimson Betelgeuse. In biology, microscopes have given our eyes access to a world previously unknown to us. The water bear, the tardigrade, is a beast of such profound strangeness that we perceive in its essence something deeply alien, as if it were from another realm altogether, and not just part of a world below our conventional acuity of perception.

And yet one hundred and fifty years ago Charles Darwin outlined his theory of evolution, which was predicated on the fact that all life on this planet shares a common descent: from fish to fowl, to the great beech tree and the lowliest pond scum. And, yes, humanity and the tardigrade as well.

The Guardian, a Voice of the Crust.

Google Maps can be unreliable at the best of times when you’re travelling in China, but in the southern megacity of Chongqing, a map of any kind turns out to be almost entirely useless. Built across a series of impossibly steep mountainsides and vertiginous valleys at the dramatic confluence of the Yangtze and Jialing Rivers, it is an astonishing urban phenomenon to behold – a vertically sprawling city that can only be understood in three dimensions.

It is a place where neighbourhoods cling to cliffs, connected by elevated roads 20 storeys up in the air. Metro lines emerge from tunnels through the mountains, only to plunge straight through the middle of residential skyscrapers, which themselves sprout improbably from the sheer slopes. Something that looks close by on the map can turn out to be tens of storeys above or below you. And getting there usually makes for an exhilarating journey.

In the Good Old Days, before education went to shit, we could be confident that everyone who graduated high school would get this jokd. Nowadays, we would be lucky if they recognize John Donne’s name.

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A bipartisan congressional report published on Nov. 12 revealed that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) manipulates critical minerals markets to further its global ambitions.

Does this come as a surprise to anyone? Anyone? Bueller? Bueller?

Read it.

Most of us now are aware of the ever-tightening grip of tyranny, and the erosion of our liberties, occasioned by ever more remote centralisation. To break it, we need a process which prevents power, both political and commercial, from continuing to rise to the top of a pyramid, from where our little lives are run by a few people who have no human connection with us. Here is my first blueprint.

I suggest a secession, whereby each of England’s 39 original, historic counties makes a Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI). They are: Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumberland, Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Durham, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Kent, Lancashire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Middlesex, Norfolk, Northamptonshire, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Rutland, Shropshire, Somerset, Staffordshire, Suffolk, Surrey, Sussex, Warwickshire, Westmorland, Wiltshire, Worcestershire, Yorkshire.

Greater London should disappear, its boroughs reverting entirely to their counties. Inner London, I suggest, would also be subsumed into its surrounding counties.

It’s fun to think about, and I’d love to read a SF story based on this premise, but it has about 0.1% chance of ever happening, given what we know about people and about people in politics. So read it for the entertainment value, but don’t get your hopes up.

Read it.

And just like that we’re free from climate hysteria and worried about a new “ice age”…Funny how that works, isn’t it?

A new study in Communications Earth & Environment warns that a key Atlantic current could near collapse within decades, potentially triggering an “ice age” scenario and major sea-level rise, according to the NY Post.

The research, from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Oceanology and UC San Diego, focuses on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the “conveyor belt of the ocean” that includes the Gulf Stream and helps keep Europe, the U.K., and the U.S. East Coast relatively mild.

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Languages with very simple sentence structure are, for the most part, oral languages. It’s the languages that have a culture of writing, developed over a long span of time, that display a fondness for stacking clauses onto one another to create towering sentences. This pattern raises the possibility that the invention of writing, a very recent innovation tagged on to the very last millennia of human evolution, can dramatically alter a language’s linguistic niche, spurring the development of elaborate sentence structure, and leading to the shedding of other features, on a timescale that cannot be achieved through biological evolution. If that’s so, then the languages that many of us have grown up with are very different from the languages that have been spoken throughout the vast majority of human existence.

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The tactical arguments for and against homeschooling all cancel each other out.

Pro-homeschooling: At school, you’re in danger of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse.

Anti-homeschooling: Statistically, you’re in greater danger of all those things at home. And the risk gets bigger if you eliminate outside influences that might notice when something’s wrong.

Pro-homeschooling: Kids learn faster one-on-one; Bloom’s 2-sigma problem is undefeated.

Anti-homeschooling: Kids with learning disabilities and neurodivergence can fall through the cracks without professional involvement. Also, it’s really hard to teach your kids everything they need to know, consistently, year after year, all by yourself. And really, really expensive.

Pro-homeschooling: We homeschooled a family of seven on one income of $25k.

Anti-homeschooling: Homeschoolers don’t get enough social interaction.2

Pro-homeschooling: Yes we do.

None of the arguments convince anyone. Homeschooling remains what it was in the creationism-and-spelling-bee days: an ideological choice.

So why’s it becoming so fashionable?

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President Donald Trump issued a proclamation on Nov. 7 announcing “Anti-Communism Week,” which will commemorate the approximately 100 million victims who lost their lives to communist political systems over the years.

“This week, our Nation observes Anti-Communism Week, a solemn remembrance of the devastation caused by one of history’s most destructive ideologies,” the proclamation, issued on the National Day for the Victims of Communism, reads.

The order highlights the “devastation” of communist rule in countries around the world since its inception in Russia in 1917 by Vladimir Lenin following the Bolshevik Revolution. The collectivist ideology stems from “The Communist Manifesto,” written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848.

The best way to ensure that you can work from home regularly is to start your own business.